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What is sickell cell disease

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Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible, allowing them to move easily through blood vessels and deliver oxygen to the body. In sickle cell anemia, these cells become rigid and shaped like a crescent or "sickle.

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Types of sickle cell

  • Hemoglobin SS Disease (HbSS)

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  • Hemoglobin SC Disease (HbSC)

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  • Hemoglobin S/B-Thalassemia (HbS/B-Thal)

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  • Hemoglobin SD Disease (HbSD)

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  • Hemoglobin SE Disease (HbSE)

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  • Sickle Cell Trait (AS)

Symptoms

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  • Episodes of severe pain, known as sickle cell crises

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  • Anemia, leading to fatigue and weakness

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  • Swelling of the hands and feet

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  • Frequent infections

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  • Delayed growth and development in children

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  • Vision problems

Joint Pain

Complications

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Sickle cell anemia can cause severe complications such as:

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  • Stroke

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  • Acute chest syndrome (lung-related complications)

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  • Organ damage (especially in the liver, kidneys, and spleen)

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  • Increased risk of infection due to damage to the spleen

Treatment

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While there is no universal cure for sickle cell anemia, treatments are available to manage symptoms and complications. Common treatments include:

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  • Pain relief medications for crises

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  • Hydroxyurea (a medication that helps reduce the frequency of crises)

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  • Blood transfusions

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  • Bone marrow transplant (the only potential cure, though it’s risky and not available for everyone)

Donating Blood
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